Introduction:

Australia's natural oyster reefs have faced significant loss, with over 90% of these biodiverse ecosystems disappearing due to over-exploitation and habitat degradation. Oyster farming has been recognized as a way to mitigate some of the ecosystem service loss caused by the decline of natural reefs. However, there is a need to measure and improve the biodiversity value of oyster farms. This blog post introduces the "Farm to Restore" pilot study, which aims to explore methods and metrics for measuring biodiversity on oyster farms and incentivise farmers to enhance biodiversity while earning income from biodiversity credits.

Problem and Opportunity:

The loss of natural oyster reefs in Australia has had detrimental effects on coastal and estuarine waters. These reefs played a crucial role in water filtration and provided habitats for various marine life. Oyster farming has been seen as a means of replacing some of the lost ecosystem services. However, there is limited scientific evidence regarding the biodiversity value of different oyster farming practices. The "Farm to Restore" pilot study aims to address this gap and develop an evidence-based approach to improving biodiversity on oyster farms.

Aims:

The primary goals of the "Farm to Restore" pilot study are as follows:

Measure the biodiversity value of different oyster farming practices compared to natural reefs.
Build an evidence-based approach to enhance biodiversity on oyster farms.

Needs Analysis:

To achieve these aims, the study requires scientific expertise from Dr. Hugh Forehead of the University of Wollongong (UOW). Dr. Forehead will design and conduct the research and develop the necessary metrics. Additionally, sensors, including remotely monitored underwater cameras, will be employed to assess fish abundance and diversity. The experienced staff of Oceanfarmr, in collaboration with UOW, will assist with equipment deployment, maintenance, and data analysis.

Project Activities:

The "Farm to Restore" study will be conducted on oyster farms in the Clyde River, Batemans Bay, NSW, Australia, in collaboration with Oceanfarmr's partner farmers. The study will include various types of oyster farm sites, such as natural oyster reefs, intertidal farms, floating farms, fallow farms, and mixed cultivation farms. The following activities will be undertaken as part of the study:

Identification of study sites:

UOW researchers and Oceanfarmr will identify potential study sites, considering optimal sampling, access, and farm operations.
Deployment of camera traps and water analysis equipment: Oceanfarmr will deploy camera traps and real-time water analysis equipment across the study sites, providing valuable data streams for analysis.
Video data analysis and fish counting AI: Existing software will be utilized to identify fish species in the captured video footage. UOW researchers will verify the accuracy of the algorithm and identify species not recognized by the software.
Water quality measurements: In-situ instruments will measure water quality parameters weekly, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Hand-held instruments will be used for additional weekly measurements.
Underwater videography: Weekly underwater videography will be conducted to assess animal and plant life, including seaweed and seagrass.
Data analysis and collaboration: Close collaboration between Oceanfarmr and UOW researchers will ensure the quality and reliability of the collected data. UOW's expertise will be instrumental in assessing the interactions between farm infrastructure, water parameters, and biodiversity.
Study leadership and reporting: The UOW Research Scientist will lead the study, monitor progress, and ensure the study design, data quality, and analyses meet the required standards. They will also be responsible for the final write-up and reporting.

Project Deliverables:

The "Farm to Restore" pilot study aims to deliver the following outcomes:

Baseline biodiversity data: Comprehensive data on biodiversity across different oyster farm sites and natural oyster reefs will provide valuable insights into the existing conditions.
Methodology for assessing biodiversity value: A draft methodology will be developed to evaluate and compare the biodiversity value of different farm practices and natural reef sites.
Framework for quantifying biodiversity increase: A draft framework will be created to quantify the improvements in biodiversity resulting from specific interventions or practices on oyster farms.
Value proposition for investors: The study will test the potential value to investors of the improved ecosystem services provided by oyster farms with enhanced biodiversity.
Study report: A detailed report will be produced, describing the study's outcomes, methodologies, and recommendations for enhancing biodiversity on oyster farms.

Conclusion:

The "Farm to Restore" pilot study represents an exciting opportunity to explore methods and metrics for measuring biodiversity on oyster farms in Australia. By understanding and improving the biodiversity value of oyster farming practices, we can contribute to the restoration of lost oyster reefs and their essential ecosystem services. The collaboration between Oceanfarmr, UOW, and the participating farmers will pave the way for evidence-based approaches and provide opportunities for farmers to generate income through biodiversity credits. Together, we can work towards a more sustainable and biodiverse future for oyster farming and marine ecosystems.

Farm to Restore Pt 2

Farm to Restore - Exploring Methods and Metrics for Measuring Biodiversity On Oyster Farms